Diffusion Rate Calculator
Graham's law: r1/r2 = sqrt(M2/M1). Compare diffusion rates of two gases.
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Enter the molar masses of two gases. The calculator applies Graham's law: r1/r2 = sqrt(M2/M1). A ratio greater than 1 means Gas 1 diffuses faster than Gas 2.
About the Diffusion Rate Calculator
Graham's law of diffusion, formulated by Thomas Graham in 1848, relates gas diffusion rates to molar masses. It was one of the first quantitative demonstrations that gas behavior depends on molecular properties. It is used in isotope separation (gaseous diffusion for uranium enrichment) and in understanding atmospheric gas mixing.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Graham's law?
Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Lighter gases diffuse faster. r1/r2 = sqrt(M2/M1).
What is the difference between diffusion and effusion?
Diffusion is the mixing of gases through random molecular motion. Effusion is the escape of gas through a tiny hole into a vacuum. Graham's law applies to both, but effusion is easier to measure precisely.
How much faster does hydrogen diffuse than oxygen?
r(H2)/r(O2) = sqrt(32/2) = sqrt(16) = 4. Hydrogen diffuses 4 times faster than oxygen because it is 16 times lighter.