Work Calculator
Calculate work done by a force over a distance.
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Enter the force in newtons, the distance in meters, and the angle between the force and direction of motion in degrees. Zero degrees means the force is in the direction of motion. The calculator shows the work done in joules.
About Work
Work is one of the most fundamental concepts in physics, representing the transfer of energy by a force. When a force F acts on an object over a displacement d, the work equals Fd cos(theta), where theta is the angle between force and displacement. Work has the same units as energy (joules). The work-energy theorem states that the net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy. This concept underpins all of mechanics and thermodynamics.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is mechanical work?
Work is the energy transferred when a force moves an object over a distance. It equals force times displacement times the cosine of the angle between them: W = Fd cos(theta). Work is measured in joules.
When is zero work done?
Zero work occurs when: no displacement (holding a heavy object still), force is perpendicular to motion (centripetal force), or when force and displacement are in opposite directions and exactly cancel.
Can work be negative?
Yes. When the force component opposes the direction of motion (angle greater than 90 degrees), work is negative. Friction always does negative work on a moving object, removing kinetic energy.